Pemecah gelombang (breakwater) adalah bagunan yang memisahkan daerah perairan dari laut lepas, sehingga perairan pelabuhan tidak banyak dipengaruhi oleh gelombang besar di laut. Pemecah gelombang dibangun sebagai salah satu bentuk perlindungan pantai terhadap erosi dengan menghancurkan energi gelombang sebelum sampai ke pantai, sehingga terjadi endapan dibelakang bangunan. Endapan ini dapat menghalangi transport sedimen sepanjang pantai. Bentuk/tipe pemecah gelombang berdasarkan tipe bangunannya dapat dibedakan menjadi tiga:
1. Breakwater Sisi Miring
Breakwater sisi miring bersifat fleksibel karena jika serangan gelombang kerusakan yang terjadi tidak secara tiba-tiba, meskipun beberapa butiran longsor. Biasanya butir batu pemecah gelombang sisi miring disusun dalam beberapa lapis, dengan lapis terluar terdiri dari batu dengan ukuran besar dan semakin ke dalam ukurannya semakin kecil.
2. Breakwater Sisi Tegak
Breakwater tipe ini biasanya ditempatkan di laut dengan kedalaman lebih dalam dangan tanah dasar keras. Karena dinding breakwater tegak, maka akan terjadi gelombang diam atau klapotis yaitu superposisi antara gelombang datang dan gelombang pantul.
3. Breakwater Gabungan
Pada pemecah gelombang gabungan konstruksi dikombinasikan antara pemecah gelombang sisi tegak yang dibuat di atas pemecah gelombang sisi miring. Breakwater campuran dibuat apabila kedalaman air sangat besar dan tanah dasar tidak mampu menahan beban dari pemecah gelombang sisi tegak. Pada waktu air surut bangunan berfungsi sebagai pemecah gelombang sisi miring, sedang pada waktu air pasang berfungsi sebagai pemecah gelombang sisi tegak.
Sumber :
https://kkp.go.id/djprl/p4k/page/4306-concrate-breakwater
https://pakarstruktur.com/pemecah-gelombang-breakwater/
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